Umushinjacyaha wa IRMCT aratangaza ko abantu bose bahunze ubutabera bw'Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rw’uRwanda (ICTR) bamaze gufatwa cyangwa kumenyekana aho baherereye.

Ibiro by'Ubushinjacyaha by’Urwego Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho Gukora Imirimo y'Insigarira y'Inkiko Mpanabyaha uyu munsi biratangaza ko byashoboye kumenya amakuru yerekeranye n’abantu bose bahunze ubutabera bari barashiriweho impapuro zo kubafata n'Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rw’uRwanda (ICTR) ku byaha byakozwe mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994. Ibiro by'Ubushinjacyaha byanzuye ko abatorotse ubutabera babiri ba nyuma - Ryandikayo na Charles Sikubwabo - bapfuye. Umuntu wa nyuma wari waratorotse ubutaberwa waregwaga n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rw’icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya (ICTY) yatawe muri yombi muri 2011. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubu nta bahunze ubutabera bakidegembya bashinjwaga na ICTR na ICTY, izi nkiko zikaba zarashyizweho n’Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Gashinzwe Umutekano mu myaka ya za ‘90 kugira ngo zikore iperereza kandi zikurikirane itsembabwoko, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu n'ibyaha by'intambara byakorewe mu Rwanda no mu bihugu byahoze ari Yugosilaviya.

Ku byerekeranye n’itangazo ry’uyu munsi, Umushinjacyaha Mukuru wa IRMCT, Serge Brammertz yagize ati:

Kuva aho inyandiko z'ibirego za mbere zatanzwe imyaka igera kuri 30 ishize, ICTR na ICTY byahuye n'ikibazo gikomeye cyo gukurikirana abahunze ubutabera. Iperereza ku byaha no gushinja abakekwaho kugira uruhare rukomeye byari intambwe za mbere gusa - umurimo muremure wari uwo kubashaka no kubata muri yombi.

Habayeho ingorane zikomeye, uhereye ku bushake buke bwa politiki bw’ibihugu bitashakaga gufata abakekwaga, ndetse n’ingamba zikomeye z’abatorotse ubutabera bahishaga imyirondoro yabo n’aho babaga baherereye. Mu byukuri, rimwe na rimwe hari abatangiye gushidikanya ko abahunze ubutabera ba ruharwa nka Felicien Kabuga cyangwa Ratko Mladić bazigera bafatwa.

Nyamara izo nzitizi zatsinzwe binyuze mu kudacika intege hamwe n'ubuhanga bw'itsinda ryacu rishinzwe gukurikirana abahunze ubutabera. Ibiro byanjye nanjye tukaba dushimishijwe n’uko uyu munsi, iki gikorwa kirangiye neza. Mu buryo budasanzwe mu butabera mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga, abantu bose bahunze ICTR na ICTY ubu amakuru yabo amaze kumenyekana.

Iki gisubizo ni gihamya ko Umuryango w’Abibumbye wiyemeje kudahwema gushyikiriza ubutabera abantu bose bashiriweho impapuro z’ibirego na ICTR na ICTY. Ubu ni uburyo bufatika bugaragaza ko umuryango mpuzamahanga ushobora kwemeza ko gukurikirana abanyabyaha byagerwaho.

Ndashaka gushimangira inkunga ikomeje y'Akanama Gashinzwe Umutekano. Igihe nahamwe inshingano z'Umushinjacyaha Mukuru wa IRMCT muri 2016, nasobanuye ko gukurikirana abantu bose basigaye bahunze ubutabera muri ICTR ari inshingano y’ingenzi nzashira imbere, kandi nsaba igihe n'ubushobozi kugira ngo ndangize iyo manda. Iyo hataba inkunga y’Inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ishinzwe Umutekano itarahwemye kwita kuri iki kibazo, harimo n’imyanzuro yayo, ntabwo twari kubishobora.

Akazi kacu kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza magingo aya kerekanye kandi ko abahunze ubutabera mpuzamahanga bashobora kuboneka gusa binyuze mu bufatanye bwimbitse hagati y’inzego mpuzamahanga n’izibihugu. By'umwihariko mu myaka yashize, twagize ubufatanye budasanzwe buturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye bya Afurika, duhereye ku Rwanda ariko harimo n'ibindi byinshi. Ibikorwa byacu kandi byafashijwe n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Uburayi na Amerika ya Ruguru. Biciye mu guhuza imbaraga mu bufatanye n’Ibiro byanjye, inzego z’ibihugu zishinzwe kubahiriza amategeko zagize uruhare runini mu gukurikirana no gufata abahunze ubutabera mpuzamahanga.

Ikirenze byose, uyu munsi ni umwanya wo kwibuka abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 no kwibuka hamwe n’abarokotse ku nshuro ya 30 akababaro kabo. Ibiro byanjye bicishijwe bugufi n'icyizere batugiriye kugira ngo tugere ku butabera mu izina ryabo, aribyo natwe twahoraga duharanira kugeraho.

Niyo mpamvu nubwo tugeze ku musozo w’ikurikirana ry’abahunze ICTR, ni ngombwa kwiyibutsa ko hakiri abajenosideri barenga 1.000 bagishakishwa n’inzego z’igihugu. Kubashakisha ntibizoroha, nkuko byari bimeze kuri ICTR na ICTY. Biturutse ku busabe bw’inzego z’ibihugu, harimo n’umushinjacyaha mukuru w’u Rwanda, Ibiro byanjye bizakomeza gutanga ubufasha bukomeye mu bikorwa byabo byo kugeza abo bantu mu butabera. Mu gihe dukwiye kunyurwa ko nta bantu bahunze ICTR, uyu murimo ntushobora guhagarara kugeza igihe abakoze ibyaha bose muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda muri 1994 bashyikirijwe ubutabera.

Kuva muri 2020, itsinda ry’ubushinjacyaha rishinzwe gukurikirana abahunze ubutabera ryagaragaje aho abantu umunani bose bahunze ICTR baherereye. Ibiro by’Ubushinjacyaha byataye muri yombi abantu babiri bahunze ubutabera aribo Félicien Kabuga iParis, mu Bufaransa, muri Gicurasi 2020, na Fulgence Kayishema i Paarl, muri Afurika y'Epfo, muri Gicurasi 2023. Ibiro By’Ubushinjacyaha kandi byemeje amakuru y’impfu z’abandi bantu batandatu bashakishwaga na ICTR aribo Augustin Bizimana, Protais Mpiranya, Phénéas Munyarugarama, Aloys Ndimbati, Ryandikayo na Charles Sikubwabo.

Charles Sikubwabo

Uyu munsi Ibiro by’Ubushinjacyaha biremeza urupfu rwa Charles Sikubwabo, umwe mu bari basigaye barahunze ubutabera bari barashiriweho impapuro zo kubafata n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rw’uRwanda (ICTR).

Sikubwabo yavukiye mu kagari ka Bugina, komini ya Gishyita, perefegitura ya Kibuye, muri 1948. Nyuma y’amashuri y’ibanze, yakoze mu ngabo z’uRwanda, asezera afite ipeti rya Adjudant. Yaje kugirwa burugumesitiri wa komini ya Gishyita, perefegitura ya Kibuye, nk'umunyamuryango w’ishyaka rya MDR. Uwo mwanya niwo yari afite mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994.

Sikubwabo yashinjwe bwa mbere na ICTR mu Gushyingo 1995. Yashinjwaga jenoside, ubufatanyacyaha muri jenoside, umugambi wo gukora jenoside, ubwicanyi nk'icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, gutsemba nk'icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu n'ibindi bikorwa by'ubugome nk'icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. Afatanyije n’abakatiwe na ICTR aribo Elizaphan Ntakirutimana na Gerard Ntakirutimana, bivugwa ko Sikubwabo yaba yarayoboye ibitero ku ya 16 Mata 1994 byibasiye impunzi z’Abatutsi ku kigo cya Mugonero muri perefegitura ya Kibuye, cyari kigizwe n’urusengero, ibitaro n’izindi nyubako. Kubera iyo mpamvu, impunzi amagana zarishwe abandi benshi barakomereka. Mu mezi yakurikiyeho, Sikubwabo yahise ayobora abashakishaga abacitse ku icumu ndetse n'ibitero byabateraga igihe babonekaga. Sikubwabo kandi ngo yaba yaragize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe kuri Kiliziya Gatolika no mu kigo cyitiriwe Mutagatifu Jean mu mujyi wa Kibuye, Stade yo mu mujyi wa Kibuye, ku rusengero rwa Mubuga, ndetse no mu turere twose two mu gace ka Bisesero, bikaviramo impfu z’ibihumbi by'Abatutsi. Ibyo byaha byaburanishijwe muri ICTR mu manza zarezwemo Clement Kayishema, Ignace Bagilishema, Vincent Rutaganira, Mika Muhimana na Obed Ruzindana.

Muri Nyakanga 1994, Sikubwabo n'umuryango we bahunze u Rwanda berekeza muri cyahoze ari Zayire, ubu ni Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC), aho bari batuye mu nkambi ya Kashusha. Mu Gushyingo 1996, kubera by'imirwano yari iri hagati y’ingabo z’uRwanda n’imitwe yitwaraga gisirikare y’Abahutu ku mupaka w’u Rwanda na DRC, Sikubwabo n'umuryango we bahunze berekeza iburengerazuba. Sikubwabo yatandukanye n’umugore we n’abana bato, amaherezo basubira mu Rwanda, naho Sikubwabo akomereza muri Repubulika ya Kongo no muri Repubulika ya Santrafurika mbere yuko agera muri Tchad ahagana mu mpera za 1997.

Nyuma y’iperereza ryimbitse, Ibiro by’Ubushinjacyaha byashoboye kwemeza ko Sikubwabo yapfiriye iN'djamena, muri Tchad muri 1998 hanyuma ahambwa aho. Umuhango wo gushyingura witabiriwe n’abantu bake, Sikubwabo ashingurwa mu mva itaramenyekanye ku irimbi rusange. Iryo rimbi ryarangiritse nyuma y’umwuzure mwinshi nyuma y’uwo mwaka ndetse no mu myaka yakurikiyeho.

Ryandikayo

Uyu munsi Ibiro by’Ubushinjacyaha biremeza urupfu rwa Ryandikayo, umwe mu bari basigaye barahunze ubutabera bari barashiriweho impapuro zo kubafata n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rw’uRwanda (ICTR).

Riyandikayo yavukiye muri komini ya Gishyita, perefegitura ya Kibuye. Yari umucuruzi muri ako gace aho yari afite resitora n'uruganda rw'amatafari.

Ryandikayo yashiriweho impapuro z’ibirego bwa mbere na ICTR mu Gushyingo 1995, hamwe n'abandi benshi, ku byaha byakorewe muri perefegitura ya Kibuye. Yashinjwaga ibyaha birindwi bya jenoside, ubufatanyacyaha muri jenoside, umugambi wo gukora jenoside, ubwicanyi nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, gutsemba nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu, gufata ku ngufu nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu no gutoteza nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. Afatanyije n’abakatiwe na ICTR Clement Kayishema, Mika Muhimana, Vincent Rutaganira n’undi wari warashiriweho na ICTR impapuro zo kumufata ariwe Charles Sikubwabo, Ryandikayo ngo yaba yarakoze ibyaha byibasiye Abatutsi muri komini ya Gishyita guhera ku ya 7 Mata 1994, harimo no ku ivuriro rya Mubuga, urusengero rwa Murangara n’urwa Mubuga. Ryandikayo kandi ngo yaba yarateje kandi akagira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe mu duce twose twa Bisesero, bikaviramo ibihumbi by’Abatutsi kwicwa.

Muri Nyakanga 1994, Ryandikayo yahunze u Rwanda yerekeza mu cyari Zayire, ubu ni Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Mu Gushyingo 1996, yari mu nkambi ya Kashusha, ariko, kubera ibikorwa by'imirwano muri ako karere, Ryandikayo yahungiye mu burengerazuba, kimwe n'abandi bagabo benshi b'Abahutu bo mu Rwanda. Ryandikayo yari asanzwe afite ibibazo by'ubuzima mbere yuko ava mu Rwanda muri Nyakanga 1994, bikaba byariyongereye mu rugendo rutoroshye yakoze. Yahungiye mu nkambi yo muri Repubulika ya Kongo, aho yinjijwe mu mutwe witwaraga gisirikirare waje kuba FDLR. Nyuma yagiye iKinshasa ibikorwa by’uyu mutwe aribyo bimujyanyeyo.

Nyuma yiperereza ritoroshye, Ibiro by’Umushinjacyaha byashoboye kwemeza ko Ryandikayo yitabye Imana mu 1998, bishoboka cyane ko yazize uburwayi, nyuma gato yo kugera iKinshasa.