Abatangabuhamya
Ibyo Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR) n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya (TPIY) zagezeho, zibikesha ahanini ubushake bw’abakorewe ibyaha n’ubw’abatangabuhamya bwo gutanga ubuhamya no gufatanya n’izo nkiko zombi. IRMCT, ifite inshingano zo kubungabunga imirage yazo, ishyira imbere cyane gahunda yo gukomeza imirimo yo kurengera abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha ishinzwe, kubarindira umutekano no kwita ku mibereho myiza yabo.
Buri shami rya IRMCT rifite Agashami kigenga gashinzwe kwita ku batangabuhamya no kubarindira umutekano (WISP). WISP ishinzwe kubungabunga umutekano w’abatangabuhamya no kubatera inkunga, hitaweho imiterere y’intambara yabaye, ahantu ikorera n’umuco waho.
Agashami ka WISP k’Arusha katangiye gukora imirimo yako yo kwita ku batangabuhamya no kubarindira umutekano kuva ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 2012, naho agashami ka WISP gakorera i Lahe gatangira imirimo yako ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 2013.
Buri gashami ka WISP gafite ibiro gakoreramo mu karere gashinzwe. Agashami k’Arusha gafite ibiro mu Rwanda naho agashami ka WISP k’i Lahe kakagira ibyako muri Bosnia na Herzegovina.
Inshingano
Ingingo ya 20 ya Sitati ya IRMCT iha IRMCT inshingano zo kurinda umutekano w’abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha muri TPIY, TPIR na IRMCT. Mu gihe TPIY igikomeza kurinda umutekano w’abatangabuhamya mu manza zikiburanishwa muri TPIY, IRMCT ikora imirimo yose irebana no kurinda umutekano w’abatangabuhamya n’uw’abakorewe ibyaha bafitanye isano n’imanza zarangijwe n’izo nkiko zombi n’imanza zikiburanishwa na IRMCT.
IRMCT yiyemeje gukomeza kubungabunga umutekano w’abatangabuhamya n’uw’abakorewe ibyaha ishinzwe, yifashishije ingamba zinyuranye zabugenewe. Muri zo, harimo guhishira umwirondoro w’abatangabuhamya, kuburanishiriza mu muhezo, n’izindi ngamba zikwiriye zituma abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha bafite ibibazo byihariye batanga ubuhamya bwabo bitabagoye, nko gukoresha mu rubanza uburyo bw’itumanaho rikoresha amajwi n’amashusho bikurikirwa n’abari mu cyumba cy’iburanisha gusa. Iyo hari impamvu zidasanzwe, IRMCT ishobora gukoresha ingamba zo kurinda umutekano w’abatangabuhamya hanze y’Urukiko, nko kubimurira ahandi hantu by’agateganyo cyangwa mu buryo buhoraho, iyo rumwe mu mpande ziburana rubisabye cyangwa iyo bisabwe n’abatangabuhamya ubwabo.
IRMCT yuzuza inshingano zayo kandi ikarinda, mu buryo buhoraho, umutekano w’abatangabuhamya n’uw’abakorewe ibyaha bose, ibinyujije mu Gashami kayo gashinzwe kwita ku batangabuhamya no kubarindira umutekano. Ako gashami kashyizweho hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 32 y’Amategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize n’Itangwa ry’Ibimenyetso. Kagendera kandi kuri Poritike igenga itangwa rya serivisi zijyanye no kwita ku batangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha no kubarindira umutekano, yemejwe ku itariki ya 26 Kamena 2012.
WISP itanga serivisi zirebana no gusuzuma no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kubarindira umutekano mu gihe cy’iburanisha no hanze y’Urukiko igihe bibaye ngombwa, hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 20 ya Sitati. WISP isuzuma ibyifuzo byose bisaba kurindirwa umutekano, hanyuma, mu bwigenge bwayo, igafata ingamba za ngombwa bitewe n’imiterere y’ibibazo by’umutekano umutangabuhamya ashobora guhura na byo kubera ubuhamya bwe. Icyo gihe, WISP ishyiraho ingamba nshya zo gucogoza ibyo bibazo by’umutekano, zishobora kuba zikubiyemo kugira abatangabuhamya inama z’ukuntu bakwirindira umutekano cyangwa kuborohereza kubona inkunga y’inzego zishinzwe umutekano mu gihugu cyangwa mu karere barimo, kimwe n’inkunga z’abategetsi mu gihugu babamo, kugira ngo bashakire abo batangabuhamya umuti w’ibibazo by’umutekano wabo.
Ikintu cy’ingenzi mu nshingano zo kurinda umutekano ni uko WISP itanga serivisi zo kwita ku batangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha IRMCT ishinzwe, mbere y’uko batanga ubuhamya, mu gihe babutanga na nyuma yaho. WISP ikora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo igikorwa cyo gutanga ubuhamya kidatuma bongera kugirirwa nabi, kubabara cyangwa guhahamuka. WISP ishyiraho uburyo ikoresha kenshi bwo kuvugana n’abatangabuhamya kandi ikabaha amakuru ahagije ajyanye n’ubuhamya bwabo, uburenganzira bwabo, inshingano zabo n’ibyo bagenerwa n’amategeko. Kubera ko gutanga ubuhamya bishobora kuba umurimo uruhije ku batangabuhamya no ku bakorewe ibyaha benshi, inkunga bagenerwa ikubiyemo no kubaha inama zigamije kubungabunga ubuzima bwabo bwo mu mutwe, kugira ngo, uko bishobotse, abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha bitabye Inkiko cyangwa IRMCT bagire imibereho myiza ishingiye ku buzima bwiza bwo mu mutwe n’ubw’umubiri. WISP ishinzwe kandi ingendo z’abatangabuhamya bava mu bihugu babamo bajya ku cyicaro cya IRMCT cyabahamagaje. Ako gashami gafasha mu korohereza abatangabuhamya kuza gutanga ubuhamya muri IRMCT gatunganya ibikenewe byose bijyanye no kuboneka kwabo kugira ngo batange ubuhamya, birimo n’ibirebana n’ingendo zabo.
Ku birebana n’ingamba zose zo gufasha no kurindira umutekano abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha, WISP yihatira gukoresha uburyo buzirikana igitsina cy’abo bagenerwabikorwa, harimo kugira inama no kuvura abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha. WISP yita, by’umwihariko, ku basambanyijwe ku gahato cyangwa abagiriwe ibikorwa by’urugomo rushingiye ku gitsina.
Ibyakozwe n’Agashami gashinzwe kurinda umutekano w’abatangabuhamya n’uw’abakorewe ibyaha mu Nkiko zombi no muri IRMCT, bishobora kugaragarira mu byegeranyo biherutse gukorwa byerekana umubare w’abatangabuhamya barindiwe umutekano muri izo Nkiko. Benshi bashoboye kuvurwa no guhabwa inama zerekeye ubuzima bwo mu mutwe n’imibereho myiza yabo kugira ngo bashobore guhangana n’ihahamuka batewe n’intambara na jenoside.
Ishami ry’Arusha
Ishami rya WISP rikorera Arusha rikomeza imirimo ijyanye no kurinda umutekano w’abatangabuhamya batangiye ubuhamya muri TPIR kimwe n’abashobora kuzabutanga muri IRMCT aho iryo shami rikorera. Abatangabuhamya bagera ku 3400 batanze ubuhamya muri TPIR, kandi bafasha Urukiko kurangiza inshingano zarwo zo gukurikirana abantu bagize uruhare muri jenoside no mu bikorwa binyuranyije bikomeye n’amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera abantu mu gihe cy’intambara byakorewe mu Rwanda cyangwa mu nkengero z’imipaka yarwo mu mwaka wa 1994. Muri iki gihe, ishami rya WISP ry’Arusha ryita ku batangabuhamya ba TPIR na IRMCT bagera ku 3300, kuko bamwe mu batangabuhamya bitabye Imana. Hafi 88% by’abatangabuhamya bafite ubu hagati y’imyaka 35 na 70 kandi 23% ni igitsina gore..
Kurindira umutekano abawukeneye
Kimwe mu by’ingenzi mu nshingano z’Agashami ka WISP k’Arusha ni ugufasha mu birebana n’ingamba zo kurindira umutekano abawukeneye. Izo ngamba zashyizweho hagamijwe kugabanya ingaruka mbi zishobora guterwa no gutanga ubuhamya no gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo icyo gikorwa kgire ingaruka neke zishoboka ku mutangabuhamya kubirebana n’ihahamuka cyangwa kubabazwa ukundi. Bitegetswe n’Ingereko za Mbere z’Iremezo, 83% by’abatangabuhamya, barimo n’ab’abafungwa, bashyiriweho ingamba zo kubarindira umutekano kandi batanze ubuhamya hakoreshejwe uburyo bunyuranye. Nk’urugero, abatangabuhamya 77 batanze ubuhamya hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ry’amajwi n’amashusho rituma abantu bavugana barebana kandi batari hamwe, abatangabuhamya 11 batanze ubuhamya bwanditse bwakiriwe hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 92 bis y’Amategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize n’Itangwa ry’Ibimenyetso ya TPIR. Hari n’abatangabuhamya bafatiwe ingamba zo kwimurirwa ahandi. Abatangabuhamya basigaye, ni ukuvuga 17%, batarindiwe umutekano, bari impuguke cyangwa abafungwa batarindiwe umutekano mu buryo bwihariye, hamwe n’abisabiye ubwabo ko izo ngamba zo kubarindira umutekano zivanwaho.
Kwita ku buzima bw’umubiri n’ubwo mu mutwe
Mu rwego rwo kurangiza inshingano zaryo zo kurindira abatangabuhamya umutekano mbere yo gutanga ubuhamya, igihe babutanga na nyuma yaho, WISP, ishami ry’Arusha rigenera abatangabuhamya baba mu Rwanda no hanze yarwo, serivisi z’ingirakamaro zita ku buzima bw’umubiri n’izita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe. Serivisi nk’izo zishimangira ingamba zo kubarindira umutekano, zidashobora ubwazo gukemura ibibazo by’ihahamuka abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha bahangana na byo. Izo servisi zigamije kandi gutuma ubuhamya butangwa mu buryo abamaze kubutanga bumva bikomeje kandi icyo bamaze gukora ari ingirakamaro mu buzima bwabo. Ubujyanama, by’umwihariko, ku bakorewe urugomo rushingiye ku gitsina, ni uburyo bw’ingenzi buganisha ku ntambwe yo gukira ibisare bafite muri rusange no kwiyunga.
Umubare munini cyane w’abatangabuhamya uri mu Rwanda aho agashami ka WISP gashyigikirwa n’ibiro byako biri i Kigali. Ibyo biro, byahoze bigengwa na TPIR, byashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2004, bikomeza gutera inkunga ikomeye abatangabuhamya bafite indwara zihoraho zo mu mutwe n’iz’umubiri zakomotse kuri jenoside, harimo n’abatangabuhamya b’igitsina gore banduye virusi itera Sida kubera gusambanywa ku gahato. Mu mwaka wa mbere, ibiro bya WISP i Kigali byavuye abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha 211. Mu myaka irindwi ibyo biro bimaze byakiriye abantu bagera ku 35.000. Muri iki gihe, ibyo biro bitera inkunga abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha 106 babana n’ubwandu bwa virusi itera Sida.
TPIR itarafunga imiryango, ibiro byayo by’i Kigali ni byo byakiraga bwa mbere abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha bose baba mu Rwanda bahamagajwe na TPIR. Mbere na mbere, ibyo biro byasuzumaga niba abatangabuhamya biteguye kandi ari bazima bihagije ku buryo bakora urugendo rugera kuri mayiro 470 (hafi y’ibirometero 756) kuva i Kigali kugera ku Rukiko cyangwa ku ishami rya IRMCT Arusha, Tanzaniya. Ibyo biro bikomeza gukora uwo murimo mu rwego rwa IRMCT.
Ishami ry’i Lahe
Agashami ka WISP k’i Lahe gakomeza gukora imirimo ijyanye no kurinda umutekano w’abatangabuhamya batangiye ubuhamya muri TPIY kimwe n’abashobora kubazabutangira muri IRMCT. Abatangabuhamya bagera ku 4.650 bafasha TPIY, yashyizweho n’Inama Ishinzwe Amahoro ku Isi mu Cyemezo cyayo 827 cyo ku itariki ya 25 Gicurasi 1993, kurangiza inshingano zayo zo gukurikirana abantu bagize uruhare mu bikorwa binyuranyije bikomeye n’amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera abantu mu gihe cy’intambara byakorewe ku butaka bw’Icyahoze ari Yugosilaviya kuva mu mwaka wa 1991. Uwo mubare ukubiyemo abatanze ubuhamya inshuro nyinshi, ababutanze inshuro nyinshi hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ry’amajwi n’amashusho rituma abantu bavugana barebana kandi batari hamwe ndetse n’abateye inkunga mu bundi buryo. Nka 70% by’abatangabuhamya ubu bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 41 na 70 naho 13% bakaba ari igitsina gore.
Kurinda umutekano
Ku Gashami ka WISP k’I Lahe na ko, imwe mu nshingano z’ingenzi zako ni ugufasha mu birebana n’ingamba zo kurindira umutekano abawukeneye. Bitegetswe n’Ingereko za Mbere z’Iremezo, nka 30% by’abatangabuhamya, barimo abatangabuhamya b’abafungwa, bashyiriweho ingamba zo kubarindira umutekano kandi batanze ubuhamya mu buryo butandukanye. Nk’urugero, abatangabuhamya 187 batanze ubuhamya hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ry’amajwi n’amashusho rituma abantu bavugana barebana kandi batari hamwe, naho abatangabuhamya 545 batanze ubuhamya bwanditse bwakiriwe hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 92 bis y’Amategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize n’Itangwa ry’Ibimenyetso ya TPIY. Umubare muto w’abatangabuhamya washyiriweho ingamba zo kubimurira ahandi. Byabaye ngombwa ko izo ngamba zikoreshwa hagamijwe koroshya itangwa ry’ubuhamya ku batangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha bafite ibibazo byihariye, guhishira umwirondoro wabo no kubarindira umutekano.
Ubujyanama mu by’imibereho myiza no ku buzima bwo mu mutwe
Agashami ka WISP k’i Lahe gakomeza guha abatangabuhamya ubufasha bakeneye, bubafitiye akamaro kandi burebana n’uko babayeho mu sosiyete, harimo n’ubujyanama mu by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. Abakozi b’ako gashami barangwa n’ubunyangamugayo bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, kutagira aho babogamira no kugira ibanga. Ako gashami gagakora ku buryo kamenyesha abatangabuhamya bose uburenganzira bwabo n’ibyo amategeko abagenera kandi kakabaha serivisi nta kuvangura abazigenerwa. Uretse kwita ku batangabuhamya mu buryo butaziguye kandi burangwa n’ubunyamwuga, mu rwego rwo gukorera ubuvugizi ibyo abatangabuhamya bakenera mu Rukiko, agashami ka WISP gashyira uburenganzira bwabo mu bintu by’ibanze Abacamanza basuzuma.
Agashami ka WISP k’i Lahe gafashwa mu mirimo yako n’ibiro byako biri i Sarayevo. Ibyo biro ni ingirakamaro mu kazi gakorwa n’ibiro bikuru kuko bituma abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha bo mu Cyahoze ari Yugosilaviya babasha kugera ku gashami ka WISP gakorera i La Haye, mu buryo bworoheje kandi bwaguye, kugira ngo bahabwe serivisi zerekeye kubafasha no kubarindira umutekano.
Agashami ka WISP kashyizeho ingamba zinyuranye zigamije gucogoza ibibazo abatangabuhamya bahura na byo iyo bamaze gutanga ubuhamya. Nk’urugero, ibiro bya WISP i Sarayevo byashyizeho ihuriro ry’imiryango mpuzamahanga n’iyo mu bihugu, irimo imiryango itagengwa na Reta muri ako karere no mu ntara zindi, abatangabuhamya bashobora koherezwaho kugira ngo bahabwe ubufasha mu rwego rw’amategeko no mu rw’imibereho. Igikorwa cyo gushakisha no gushyikirana n’abafatanyabikorwa bashya mu karere ni ingirakamaro cyane kuko gifasha agashami ka WISP kunoza imirimo yako kandi hatabayeho kwaya.